What does the term 'examination' refer to in the context of a trial?

In the context of a trial, the term 'examination' specifically refers to the process of questioning witnesses to elicit evidence and clarify facts pertinent to the case. This process is crucial for building a party's argument or establishing a narrative, as it allows an attorney to gather testimony that supports their claims. There are typically two types of examination: direct examination, where the attorney questions their own witness, and cross-examination, where the opposing counsel questions that witness to challenge their credibility or the validity of their testimony. The focus is on the inquiry into the witness's knowledge and observations related to the case, making 'witness inquiry' the correct interpretation of 'examination' in this judicial context.

Understanding this definition helps clarify the role of examination within the trial process, contrasting it with other aspects of legal proceedings such as judicial decisions, jury deliberation, or closing arguments, which serve different functions in the overall trial structure.